Īfter Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the official name for the entire territory, though it was not universally accepted. Despite the coexistence of the spellings Corea and Korea in 19th century publications, some Koreans believe that Imperial Japan, around the time of the Japanese occupation, intentionally standardized the spelling on Korea, making Japan appear first alphabetically. The kingdom of Goryeo became first known to Westerners when Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca in 1511 and described the peoples who traded with this part of the world known by the Portuguese as the Gores. The modern name of Korea appears in the first Portuguese maps of 1568 by João vaz Dourado as Conrai and later in the late 16th century and early 17th century as Korea (Corea) in the maps of Teixeira Albernaz of 1630.
The 10th-century kingdom of Goryeo succeeded Goguryeo, and thus inherited its name, which was pronounced by the visiting Arab and Persian merchants as "Korea". The name Goryeo itself was first used by the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo, which was considered a great power of East Asia during its time, in the 5th century as a shortened form of its name. The name Korea derives from the name Goryeo. The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo, also known as Koryŏ, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
It is a member of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee, the G20, the IPEF, and the Paris Club.
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In 21st century, South Korea has been renowned for its globally influential pop culture, particularly in music ( K-pop), TV dramas ( K-dramas) and cinema, a phenomenon referred to as the Korean Wave. Its armed forces are ranked as one of the world's strongest militaries, with the world's second-largest standing army by military and paramilitary personnel. The country is the world's ninth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer. South Korea's citizens enjoy one of the world's fastest Internet connection speeds and the densest high-speed railway network. In recent years, the country has been facing an aging population and the lowest fertility rate in the world.
It ranks nineteenth globally by Human Development Index. South Korea is a regional power and a highly developed country, with its economy being ranked as the world's thirteenth-largest by nominal GDP and the fourteenth-largest by GDP (PPP). The June Democratic Struggle led to the end of authoritarian rule in 1987 and the country is now considered among the most advanced democracies in Asia, with the highest level of press freedom on the continent. Despite lacking natural resources, the nation rapidly developed to become one of the Four Asian Tigers based on international trade and economic globalization, integrating itself within the world economy with export-oriented industrialization currently being one of the largest exporting nations in the world, along with having one of the largest foreign-exchange reserves in the world. After the war's end in 1953, the country entered into a military alliance with the U.S., which continues to this date, and its devastated economy began to soar, recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 19. In 1950, a North Korean invasion began the Korean War, which saw extensive American-led United Nations intervention in support of the South, while China intervened to support the North, with Soviet assistance. After negotiations on reunification failed, the southern zone became the Republic of Korea in August 1948 while the northern zone became the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea the following month. Japanese rule ended following Japan's surrender in World War II, after which Korea was divided into two zones a northern zone occupied by the Soviet Union and a southern zone occupied by the United States. The succeeding Korean Empire (1897–1910) was annexed in 1910 into the Empire of Japan. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) and the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Other major cities include Incheon, Busan, and Daegu. It has a population of 51.75 million, of which roughly half live in the Seoul Capital Area, the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the world. South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea ( ROK), is a country in East Asia.
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